Almost every student who asks this question is over-buying. Coursework — documents, a browser with thirty tabs, a PDF reader, video calls, occasional photo or video editing — is comfortably handled by the cheapest Apple silicon MacBook still sold new, and by several that are no longer sold new at all.
The two decisions that actually matter are memory and storage. Apple silicon shares one pool of memory between the CPU and GPU, and you cannot upgrade it later; the SSD is soldered too. Everything else — the chip generation, the screen, the port selection — matters far less over a four-year degree.
This guide is built around what a student workload needs, not around what is newest. Each pick links into a Findeso search so you see live pricing across new, refurbished and used listings in your country rather than a stale figure typed into an article.