Chromebooks and Windows laptops now overlap more than they used to, since Chromebooks run Android apps and a growing set of web-based tools handle most everyday tasks. But the core difference has not changed: a Chromebook is built around ChromeOS and the browser, while a Windows laptop runs full desktop software, including programs a Chromebook simply cannot install.
Chromebooks win on price, battery life, simplicity and resistance to malware, because ChromeOS is a lighter, more locked-down operating system. Windows laptops win on software compatibility, offline capability, gaming and the ability to run specialised or legacy programs that many jobs, courses and hobbies still depend on.
The right choice depends less on the hardware spec sheet and more on what software you actually need to run day to day, and whether reliable internet access can be assumed.